What Is An Advanced Sewage Treatment Plant?

Advanced Sewage Treatment Plant is a method that can lower sewage contaminants below levels which can be achieved with traditional secondary or biological treatment.

These cutting-edge treatment options are now of interest to people all around the world as people, communities, and businesses look for ways to maintain necessary resources accessible and usable. As society works to lessen the effects of the growing population, urbanization, industrialization, and the depletion of potable water, advanced sewage treatment is required.

What Are the Processes of Advanced Sewage Treatment?

Processes for treating advanced sewage can be biological, physical-chemical, or a combination of the two.

Biochemical Processes: Nitrogen and phosphorus are removed by biological mechanisms from nutrient pollution.

Important tertiary treatment technologies include biologically improved phosphorus removal systems and intermittently decanted extended aeration lagoon systems for nitrogen removal. Domestic sewage's nitrogen is organically removed by the extended aeration lagoon system.

Physicochemical Processes: A sustainability evaluation of modern treatment technology lists the following:

•       Ozone treatment

•       UV light is only used to disinfect harmful bacteria;

·       MBRs, or membrane bioreactors

·       Processes for advanced oxidation (AOP);

•       accelerated oxidation combined with UV;

·       Nanotechnology

•       Variable automatic filtering.

Sewage Treatment Plant: Advanced Oxidation Process

The primary oxidants in AOP while generating hydroxyl radicals are radicals, which break down compounds into intermediates and then mineralize those intermediates into simple compounds like water, carbon dioxide, and salts. These radicals can be produced in a variety of ways.

In general, the AOP molecules are formed as specific compounds degrade, specifically ozone (O3) and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2). Other components, such as ultraviolet light (UV), act as catalysts in the reaction, encouraging the compounds to break down appropriately.

However, as with many water/wastewater treatment solutions, each option has advantages and disadvantages. As a result, it is critical to carefully select an AOP process that will work best with your specific application.

Advanced Oxidation Processes (AOPs) are the techniques employed for oxidation of various organic contaminants in polluted water with the objective of making it suitable for human consumption like household and drinking purpose. AOPs use potent chemical oxidants to bring down the contaminant level in the water.

Types of processes in AOP

Hydrogen Peroxide

Hydrogen peroxide, unlike ozone, cannot be used as a stand-alone oxidation treatment. It is not as effective as O3 as a secondary oxidizer, but it can react with hydrogen and oxygen-containing compounds in a less complicated manner than ozone. It does not need to be manufactured on-site, but it must be carefully stored because it is unstable. H2O2 must also be monitored for residuals that remain after treatment. Because the compound can be toxic to humans, it may need to be treated.

Ozone

In an alkaline solution, ozone interacts with hydrogen-containing compounds and decomposes in a series of steps to reduce to OH radicals. It can be used as an AOP on its own, but only at higher pH levels due to the abundance of hydroxide ions present. Though the reactions are much slower, O3 is also a powerful oxidant and acts as a secondary oxidizer in the overall process.

Ultraviolet Light

Because of its ability to kill or prevent the reproduction of a variety of pathogens, ultraviolet light is widely used as a disinfectant. UV is not an oxidant in and of itself because it is just a wavelength of light, but it does transfer massless photons to chemical compounds, breaking their bonds quickly and easily.

However, because UV interaction is light-driven, some contaminants, such as suspended solids, can reduce its efficiency by blocking it from the target compounds.

The Working of Advanced Oxidation Processes

AOP is an aqueous phase oxidation method, which uses highly reactive species in the oxidative destruction of target pollutants. AOP generates hydroxyl radicals in the water, which are a more powerful and less selective secondary oxidant. Most organic compounds can be oxidized by this secondary oxidant until they are fully mineralized as carbon dioxide and water.

The hydroxyl radical has a significantly higher oxidation potential than ozone or hydrogen peroxide and typically reacts one million times faster, resulting in a shorter contact time and footprint.

 

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